- S. K. Lavania
- V. K. Sah
- Shashi Kumar
- R. P. Singh
- O. P. S. Bana
- Rajbahadur
- M. S. Hooda
- Balkrishan
- K. K. Dogra
- S. Bhagat
- Sarjan Bhagat
- S. R. Arya
- Ombir Singh
- Surjan Bhagat
- Kamla Singh
- A. Hussain
- S.K. Kothari
- M. K. Gupta
- Om Bir Singh
- G. S. Paliwal
- R. V. Singh
- K. C. Sharma
- Birendra Prasad
- V. K. Sah
- J. R. Patel
- R. M. Patel
- S. R. Patel
- V. B. Shinde
- K. M. Karetha
- B. S. Gupta
- M. N. Mathur
- C. M. Agarwal
- Raj Bhandari
- Ajay Kumar Singh
- Sunita Malik
- Gurdarshan Singh
- S. C. Anand
- Vineeta Saxena
- Manini Singh
- Sandeep Singh
- Ankit Chourasia
- Jasbir Singh Bedi
- Akhil Gupta
- Jatinder Paul Singh Gill
- Rabinder Singh Aulakh
- K. Rajashekar
- Abhay Kumar
- Swati Shabnam
- P. R. Oraon
- Sunita Kumari
- Abhishek Gautam
- Monika Goel
- M. Mohapatra
- A. K. Mitra
- S. K. Mukherjee
- Kavita Navria
- Vikram Prashar
- Ashish Tyagi
- Atul Kumar Verma
- Sunitha Devi
- V. S. Prasad
- Mudumba Ramesh
- Raj Kumar
- Indian Forester
- International Journal of Plant Protection
- The Asian Journal of Horticulture
- The Indian Practitioner
- International Journal of Medical and Dental Sciences
- Digital Image Processing
- Toxicology International (Formerly Indian Journal of Toxicology)
- International Research Journal of Agricultural Economics and Statistics
- Current Science
- International Journal of Applied Marketing and Management
A B C D E F G H I J K L M N O P Q R S T U V W X Y Z All
Singh, Virendra
- Studies on the Effect of Date of Fruit Collection on Seed Germination and Early Seedling Growth in Himalayan Ash (Fraxinus micrantha Lingelsh)
Authors
Source
Indian Forester, Vol 131, No 1 (2005), Pagination: 31-36Abstract
The present study was conducted to find out the optimum time of seed (fruit) collection in Fraxinus micrantha. The fruits were collected at fortnightly interval. The results of the present study revealed that the maximum germination of 44.50 per cent was found in treatment T3 (15th October collection or 180 days after anthesis) at a time when the fruit colour changed from green to grey orange. The moisture and dry weight/l00 seed at this stage was 17.82 per cent and 1.40 g, respectively. The shoot length, ischolar_main length, shoot dry weight and ischolar_main dry weight of 45 days old seedlings were also found better in this treatment. Therefore, the seeds of this species should be collected in the second fortnight of October (180 days after anthesis) at a time when the fruit colour changed to grey orange for better germination, seedling growth and vigour index.- Seed Quality as Affected by Mid Cone Diameter in Pinus roxburghii Sargent
Authors
Source
Indian Forester, Vol 130, No 6 (2004), Pagination: 757-761Abstract
The present investigation was undertaken to find out the effect of mid cone diameter classes on seed quality in Chir pine. The cones were grouped into small (5-<6cm), medium (6-<7cm) and large (7-<8cm) cone diameter classes. The large cones showed superiority in germination percent, germination value, germination capacity, germination energy and germination speed over other cone diameter classes. Also, there existed a positive and highly significant correlation between cone diameter and different seed parameters. Therefore, large cones (in diameter) should be given preference for quality seed collection.- Seed Quality as Affected by Mid Cone Diameter in Pinus roxburghii Sargent
Authors
Source
Indian Forester, Vol 130, No 7 (2004), Pagination: 757-761Abstract
The present investigation was undertaken to find out the effect of mid cone diameter classes on seed quality in Chir pine. The cones were grouped into small (5-<6cm), medium (6-<7cm) and large (7-<8cm) cone diameter classes. The large cones showed superiority in germination percent, germination value, germination capacity, germination energy and germination speed over other cone diameter classes. Also, there existed a positive and highly significant correlation between cone diameter and different seed parameters. Therefore, large cones (in diameter) should be given preference for quality seed collection.- Effect of Root Pruning on Survival and Early Seedling Growth of Banj Oak (Quercus leucotrichophora, A. Camus) in out Planting
Authors
Source
Indian Forester, Vol 129, No 11 (2003), Pagination: 1344-1348Abstract
An experiment was undertaken to find out the effect of ischolar_main pruning on the survival and early growth of Banj oak (Quercus leucotrichophora A. Camus) in out planting. Different treatments revealed that maximum collar diameter and height increment, survival percentage and mean collar diameter and height annual increment were obtained in treatment T2 where ischolar_mains were pruned to 20 cm. However, light ischolar_main pruning to a length of 15 cm did not affect the height growth of plants adversely but severe ischolar_main pruning had significant neg.ative effect on plant growth. The results indicated that ischolar_mains might be pruned to 20 cm length not only to get the better height growth and survival, though statistically non-significant, but also ease in out planting.- The Emerging Problems and Possible Solutions of forest Ecosystems of Garhwal Himalayas
Authors
Source
Indian Forester, Vol 128, No 11 (2002), Pagination: 1195-1208Abstract
The present paper deals with the problems of land use pattern, regeneration potential of major forests, causes of forest degradation, biotic pressures on the existing grazing lands and pastures and the threat imposed by soil erosion and their likely solutions in the forest ecosystems of the Garhwal Himalayas. The land should be allocated according to the land capability classes. The ischolar_main cause of forest degradation is over-exploitation of forest resources and the encroachment and indiscriminate road and hydroelectric darn construction in the fragile forest ecosystem. The condition of existing grazing lands and pastures is poor due to continuous over-grazing. Introduction of improved grasses and legumes, use of fertilizers and proper grazing management practices need to be adopted. Improvement of these forest ecosystems through afforestation, adoption or-proper soil and water conservation measures and forest management techniques are required to be undertaken.- Effect of Gibberellic Acid and pH on Seed Germination in Blue Pine (pinus wallichiana, A.B. Jacks)
Authors
Source
Indian Forester, Vol 132, No 8 (2006), Pagination: 1024-1028Abstract
The present study was undertaken to assess the effect of different concentrations of gibberellic acid treatment and pH solution on germination and germination value in Pinus wallichiana. The results of the study clearly indicated that the seed germination was hastend to maximum by the application of 300 ppm GA3 for 24 hours or 200 ppm GA3 or 36 hours indicating thereby that as the soaking period increased, GA3 concentration decreased. Germination value also followed the same trend. The maximum germination and germination value was obtained at pH 6.0.- Effect of Cone Diameter on Seed Yield, Moisture Content and Germination in Himalayan Blue Pine (Pinus wallichiana A.B. Jacks)
Authors
Source
Indian Forester, Vol 122, No 2 (1996), Pagination: 150-154Abstract
The present study was aimed at, to find out the effect of different cone diameter classes (Small - < 3.0 cm; medium, 3.0 - 3.5 cm; and large - > 3.5 cm) on various parameters. The medium size cones exhibited higher germination followed by large size and small size cones in the laboratory as well as in the nursery. The large size cones were found superior in terms offresh weight of cones, quantity of seed extracted, fresh and dry weight of seeds and moisture content, respectively. However, the maximum per cent seed yield was obtained from the medium size cones. The number of cones required to get unit quantity of seed decreased as the diameter of cones increased. Therefore, it may be recommended that medium size cone be preferred for seed collection in order to obtain maximum germination in blue pine.- Pattern of Root Distribution in 30-month Old Five Tree and Two Shrub Species of an Arid Region of North-western India
Authors
Source
Indian Forester, Vol 122, No 4 (1996), Pagination: 323-330Abstract
Structure and distribution of ischolar_main systems were studied in 30-month old five tree species.Acasia nilotica, Leucaena leucocephala, Dalbergia sissoo, Azadirachta indica and Prosopis cinerario and two shrub species, P. juliflora and Cajanus cajan raised at a spacing of 4 × 0.5 m in an arid region of North-western India. Maximum penetration of ischolar_main systems was observed in P. cineraria (138 cm of soil depth), followed by A. nilotica, D. sisoo, L. leucocephala and P. juliflora, whereas A indica (85 cm) and C. cajan (65cm) showed comparatively a shallow ischolar_main systems. P.juliflora showed a maximum ischolar_main spread (347 cm), followed by L. leucena (228 cm), A. nilotica (216 cm), D. sissoo (187 cm), A. indica (95 cm), C. cajan (80 cm) and P. cineraria (31 cm). Top 30 cm of soil depth had the maximum distribution of ischolar_main biomass in C. cajan. A. indica and L. leucaena (45-62% of the total), whereas the 30-60 cm soil horizon had the maximum distribution of ischolar_main biomass in P.juliflora. A. nilotica and D. sissoo (34-40% of the tota1), Root distribution in P. cineraria was almost uniform throughout the soil column. Surficial location of a high proportion of ischolar_mains in the stands of C. cajan, A. indica and L. leucaena indicates that these species will show strong ischolar_main competition if intercropped with crops as compared to A. nilotiea, D. sissoo and P. Juliflora which had subsurface location of most of the ischolar_mains. A vertical ischolar_main system and narrow crown in P. cineraria, make the species most suitable for agroforestry system.- Characteristics, Distribution, Utilisation, Regeneration, Biomass and Nutritional Values of Seabuckthorn (Hippophae)
Authors
Source
Indian Forester, Vol 122, No 6 (1996), Pagination: 486-491Abstract
The present study was carried out on distribution, utilisation, characteristics, regeneration, biomass and nutritional values of seabuckthorn (Hippophae L.) in Lahaul valley located in high hill dry temperate Himalaya. Seabuckthorn grows vigorously where the valley is broader particularly in Bhaga valley. It is mainly utilized as fuel wood by the farmers. The plant has a high regenerative potential even in dry infertile soil. Horizontal ischolar_mains extends upto 245-680 cm which produced 9-27 ischolar_main turion seedlings per ischolar_main. Fruit yield varied from 590 g to 956 of per plant. Seed oil content varied from 8.2 to 11.7%, whereas protein content ranged from 25.8 to 35.9%.- Effect of Temperature and Storage on Seed Germination in Populus ciliata Wall. Ex Royle in Garhwal Himalaya
Authors
Source
Indian Forester, Vol 121, No 4 (1995), Pagination: 273-275Abstract
°The study was undertaken to find out the effect of temperature and storage of P. ciliata seeds. The results indicated that the maximum germination was obtained at 20°C. The seeds stored at +2°C retained better viability (60.5%) than the seeds stored at -10°C (30.0%) after one year of storage period.- Studies on Effect of Concentrated Sulphuric Acid Treatment on Germination of Rubus ellipticus Seed
Authors
Source
Indian Forester, Vol 121, No 7 (1995), Pagination: 643-646Abstract
The study was conducted to evaluate the effect of concentrated sulphuric acid treatment on germination of Rubus ellipticus seed and it was observed that fresh seed treated with acid for 20-30 minutes exhibited maximum germination whereas stored seed (3 months) required acid treatment for 45-60 minutes duration for maximum germination.- Storage Capacity of some Temperate Shrubs
Authors
Source
Indian Forester, Vol 120, No 3 (1994), Pagination: 258-261Abstract
The results of the longevity tests of Dodonaea viscosa, Indigofera gerardiana and Rubus ellipticus revealed that acid scarified seeds of these species stored in paper bags (100 gauge) and closed glass bottles at normal room temperature retained good viability upto 11,17 and 6 months. Similarly, Coriaria nepalensis, Berberis aristata and Debregeasia hypoleuca seeds stored in closed glass bottles at ambient room conditions appeared to have good storing ability exhibiting good viability upto 14 and 24 months.- Seed Fertility in Relation to Tree Size of Abies pindrow and Picea smitriana
Authors
Source
Indian Forester, Vol 120, No 8 (1994), Pagination: 677-681Abstract
The effect of size of tree on the fertility of Silver fir and Spruce seed was studied. Although the cone diameters in different diameter breast height class of Silver fir differed significantly at 5% level yet cone lengths did not differ. The seed weights in different diameter breast height classes also differed significantly. However, cone diameters and cone lengths of Spruce did not differ significantly but the seed weights differed significantly. Germination percentages and germination values of seeds from different diameter breast height class trees of Silver fir differed significantly and the same values were, however, non-significant in case of Spruce.- Effect of Seed Weight on Germination, Survival and Initial Growth of Horsechestnut (Aesculus indica, Colebr) in the Nursery
Authors
Source
Indian Forester, Vol 119, No 8 (1993), Pagination: 627-629Abstract
Tbe effect of seed weight on germination, survival and initial growth of horsechestnut in the nursery was studied. The results indicated that the medium and heavier seed weight classes performed significantly better than lighter seed weight class in terms of germination, survival, seedling height and seedling dry weights. However, heavier seed weight class gave significantly more seedling dry weights than the medium seed weight class. Therefore, the use of medium and bigger seeds of horsechestnut in the nursery for optimum germination, good survival and better plant growth as well as higher plant yield is advocated.- Effect of Kinetin on Spruce Seed Germination
Authors
Source
Indian Forester, Vol 118, No 4 (1992), Pagination: 296-299Abstract
Spruce seed was treated with different concentrations of kinetin solutions for different duration of soaking at room temperature. The highest germination percentage, was obtained by treating the seed with 1.5×10-5 concentration of the solution after 72 hours of soaking.- Seed Scarification Requirement in Indigofera gerardiana Wall
Authors
Source
Indian Forester, Vol 118, No 6 (1992), Pagination: 429-431Abstract
In this paper the results of experiment conducted on seeds of Indigofera gerardiana for optimum germination through acid scarification have been described in detail.- Studies on Germination Behaviour and Longevity of Woodfordia fruiticosa, Kurz Seeds
Authors
Source
Indian Forester, Vol 118, No 11 (1992), Pagination: 797-799Abstract
The germination behaviour and longevity of Woodfordia fruiticosa seeds were studied. The results indicated that the germination in sand was significantly better than that of brick powder and soil, respectively and the seeds stored at normal room conditions showed a decline in viability from 96.00% initially to 1.25% in twelve months.- Time of Transplanting Silver Fir Seedlings
Authors
Source
Indian Forester, Vol 117, No 1 (1991), Pagination: 13-17Abstract
To findoutmost suitable time of transplanting sliver fir seedlings, a study was undertaken. The results indicate that fir seedlings transplanted during August give higher survival and growth of seedlings. Transplanting of silver fir seedlings therefore, should not be delayed beyond August.- Aromatic Plants as Efficient Intercrops Under Poplars (Populus deltoides) Bartram Ex Marshall)
Authors
Source
Indian Forester, Vol 116, No 3 (1990), Pagination: 189-193Abstract
Studies on agro-forestry based on poplar plantation coupled with non-conventional crops like aromaric plants (Mentha spp and Cymbopogon spp) for three years revealed no adverse effect of companion aromatic plants on poplar growth measured in terms of height and diameter. Further, while the herb and oil yield of Mentha spp decreased as compared to their sole cropping in second and third year, that of Cymbupogon spp remained equally economical in all the three years of this study. Thus, the aromatic grasses particularly Java Citronella, Palmarosa and Lemon grass were proved to be the efficient companion crops under poplar based agro-forestry.- Germination and Growth of Spruce and Silver Fir in Relation to Covering Media
Authors
Source
Indian Forester, Vol 116, No 4 (1990), Pagination: 278-282Abstract
Studies were conducted to determine the suitable covering medium for spruce and silver fir seed in germination beds. Tbe results showed that spruce and silver fir seed covered with humus gave higher germination and better growth of seedlings than nursery soil, river sand and saw dust.- Influence of Indole Acetic Acid and Indole Butyric Acid on Seed Germination of Spruce
Authors
Source
Indian Forester, Vol 116, No 6 (1990), Pagination: 450-454Abstract
Maximum germination was obtained in spruce when seed was treated with 36× 10-5M, 24×1O-5M and 12× 10-5M of IAA for 24,48 and 72 hours, respectively and 6×1O-5M and 12×1O-5M of IBA for 24 hours.- Effect of Seedling Size on the Growth of Transplanted Silver Fir (Abies pindrow) Seedlings in the Nursery
Authors
Source
Indian Forester, Vol 116, No 7 (1990), Pagination: 564-567Abstract
The effect of seedling size on the growth of transplanted silver fir seedlings in the nursery was studied. The studies made included observations on survival and growth of seedlings under four different height classes viz, seedlings less than 5 cm (T1); 5 cm to 7 cm (T2); 7 cm to 9 cm (T3) and 9 cm and above (T4). The performance of the seedlings below 5 cm in height in terms of survival, seedling growth and seedling dry weights was poorest as compared to other seedling height classes. The results thus indicated that seedlings below 5 cm in height should be culled at the time of transplanting.- Studies on Root Behaviour, Biomass and Morphological Characters of Indigofera gerardiana Wall. In Western Himalayas
Authors
Source
Indian Forester, Vol 116, No 7 (1990), Pagination: 584-588Abstract
Indigofera gerardiana Wall, attains an average height of 1.37 m with 3.66 m2 average crown area. This shrub provides effective soil cover. Stem contributes maximum (53.8%) to the total biomass followed by ischolar_main (35.6%) and leaves (10.4%). Roots of a single plant can bind soil upto 1.34 m2 with the strong tap and lateral ischolar_mains. The taper rate varies from 0.19 to 0.25 in tap ischolar_main and 0.08 to 0.15 in lateral ischolar_mains which itself is an indication of strong ischolar_main system.- Spade Planting-an Economical and Faster Planting Technique of Silver Fir and Spruce in Western Himalayas
Authors
Source
Indian Forester, Vol 116, No 8 (1990), Pagination: 618-621Abstract
In North-Western Himalayas spruce and silver fir are normally planted in pits of 30 cm3 size. This method of planting is both expensive and time consuming. Spade planting of spruce and silver fir was tried, which was assessed six times faster and also five times cheaper than pit planting. It also gave better survival than pit planting, therefore, spade planting of spruce and silver fir is recommended.- Effect of Seed Weight on Germination and Initial Seedling Growth in Spruce (Picea smithiana Wall, Boiss)
Authors
Source
Indian Forester, Vol 116, No 5 (1990), Pagination: 403-406Abstract
The study was undertaken to find out the effect of seed weight of spruce on seed germination and early seedling growth under laboratory conditions Seed germination, growth of the seedlings and their fresh and dry weight increased with increase in the seed weight.- A Note on Seed Germination and Initial Growth Rate of Indian Horsechestnut (Aesculus indica, Colebr.)
Authors
Source
Indian Forester, Vol 115, No 2 (1989), Pagination: 122-123Abstract
No abstract- Seed Maturity Indices in Spruce
Authors
Source
Indian Forester, Vol 115, No 5 (1989), Pagination: 342-347Abstract
This study deals with seed maturity of spruce in relation to specific gravity of cones and seed moisture content. The specific gravity of mature cones varied from 0.97 to 0.99 and germination percentage of the seed collected from such cones varied from 47.2% to 50.4%. The moisture content of the seed decreased as the seed matured and the same of the mature seed varied from 20.97 to 22,12 per cent. The specific gravity of cones and the moisture content or the seed did not vary significantly with the elevation for the same dates of collection.- Artificial Ripening of Spruce Cones and Seed Maturity
Authors
Source
Indian Forester, Vol 115, No 8 (1989), Pagination: 590-594Abstract
Spruce cones collected from 2,400 m and 2,700 m elevations and stored for four weeks gave 17.1-18.50 per cent and 10.4-13.0 per cent higher germination respectively, as compared to fresh seeds extracted from similarly collected, but not stored cones. The germination percentage of the seed extracted from the cones collected on 15th September and stored for four weeks was only a little lower than that of the seed extracted from mature cones collected in October. Collection of spruce cones in Western Himalayas can be started after 15th September and the cones can be stored at room temperature before their dehiscence and seed collection.- Effect of Moisture Stress on Seed Germination of Spruce
Authors
Source
Indian Forester, Vol 114, No 12 (1988), Pagination: 887-890Abstract
The results of the experiment conducted to study the effect of different levels of moisture stress indicated that the germination of spruce seed decreased as the moisture stress increased. The seed germination was 0.25% only at a moisture stress of -7.0 atm. Even the slighest moisture stress of -0.5 atm tended to decrease the seed germination' but the decrease in germination under the moisture stress of -O.5 atm was not significantly different from control.- A Note on the Varlaniuty in Cone Size of Spruce
Authors
Source
Indian Forester, Vol 113, No 6 (1987), Pagination: 452-453Abstract
No abstract- Germination of Populus ciliata Seed as Affected by Depth of Sowing
Authors
Source
Indian Forester, Vol 111, No 5 (1985), Pagination: 245-249Abstract
The result of experiments conducted to study the effect of the depth of sowing on germination of Populus ciliata seed showed that sowing on the surface gives the highest germination percentage and even the slightest covering of the seed by sand depresses germination.- Seed Dispersal, Seed Germination and Seedling Establishment in Natural forests of Silver Fir and Spruce I. Seed Dispersal Pattern
Authors
Source
Indian Forester, Vol 110, No 6 (1984), Pagination: 529-539Abstract
Studies on seed dispersal were carried out in a mixed forest of sliver fir and spruce in Kotgarh Forest Division, Himachal Pradesh. The number of seeds dispersed per square metre of forest floor area in case of sliver fir and spruce varied from 51.9 to 528.6 and 9.2 to 65.8 respectively. The peak dispersal period for sliver fir was from 13th to 24th November when 85.84 per cent of the total seed (by weight) was dispersed while the same for spruce was from 27th October to 1st December during which period 84.50 per cent of the total seed (by weight) was dispersed. In case of sliver fir the seed dispersed after 13th October to 10th November was slightly 5 heavier than that dispersed in other weeks and there was no such difference discernible in cas of spruce.- Seed Dispersal, Seed Germination and Seedling Establishment in Natural Forests of Silver Fir and Spruce II. Seed Germination and Seedling Establishment
Authors
Source
Indian Forester, Vol 110, No 7 (1984), Pagination: 632-639Abstract
Studies conducted on seed germination and seedling establishment in natural forests of spruce and sliver fir in Kotgarh Forest Division, Himachal Pradesh showed that in case of both spruce and silver fir the seed dispersed in October had lower germination percentage than that dispersed in November. Silver fir seed started germinating just after the snow melt in May and spruce seed germinated with the onset of monsoon rains in the later part of June. The percentage of seedlings at the end of first growing season to the number of seeds dispersed in case of silver fir and spruce varied from 0.72 to 7.99 and 1.21 to 8.17 respectively. The mortality percentage of the seedling in sliver fir and spruce varied from 31.93 to 80.58 and 22.22 to 100 respectively in different plots.- Germination of Populus ciliata Seed as influenced by Moisture Stress
Authors
Source
Indian Forester, Vol 109, No 6 (1983), Pagination: 357-369Abstract
Hazard reduction for fire prevention in forest areas can be achieved by reducing the quantity, breaking the continuity and disturbing the arrangement of forest fuels. Factors affecting the build-up of fire hazard have been described and an over-view of the possible techniques of hazard reduction in Indian forests has been presented. It has been concluded that properly maintained fire-lines can help in breaking the continuity of the fuels but they cannot he relied upon to contain and localise the fires by themselves. Planting of fire resistant species in covered firebreaks holds greater promise and such species need to be identified for different areas. Silviculural practices like weeding, cleaning, thinning etc. and agri-silvicultral practices can help considerably in reducing fire hazard. Need for refining the technique of prescribed burning through research on fire behaviour under variable conditions, thorough training of personnel and close supervision of the operation has been stressed.- Preliminary Studies on the Quality of Spruce and Silver Fir Seed as affected by its Source
Authors
Source
Indian Forester, Vol 107, No 9 (1981), Pagination: 571-577Abstract
The results of an investigation conducted to study the quality of spruce and silver fir seed as affected by its source in respect of weight, proportion of sound, unsound and empty seeds, absorption of water, germination percentage and germination value are reported. The seed source has been found to affect appreciably all the parameters studied.- Influence of Cone Collection Date on Seed and Germination Characteristics in Blue Pine, Pinus wallichiana Ab. Jacks
Authors
Source
Indian Forester, Vol 136, No 11 (2010), Pagination: 1486-1491Abstract
The present study deals with the effect of cone collection date on seed and germination characteristics in blue pine (Pinus wallichiana). The first cone collection was done on 15th September, second on 30th September, third on 15th October and fourth on 30th October from Gangotri range of Uttarkashi Forest Division of Garhwal Himalaya. Percentage of viable seeds, per cone increased while percentage of non-viable seeds per cone decreased with the maturity of cone. Mean fresh weight of 100 seeds increased from first to fourth (last) cone collection date. The moisture content of seeds decreased while seed germination increased as cone collection dates progressed. Germination per cent and germination value of seeds steadily increased from cone collection date of 15th September to 30th October. Therefore, the cones should be collected in the last week of October to obtain quality seeds.Keywords
Cone collection, Blue pine, Pinus wallichiana, Seed Germination- Effect of Crown Position on Cone, Seed and Germination Characteristics in Himalayan Cedar
Authors
Source
Indian Forester, Vol 139, No 2 (2013), Pagination: 155-159Abstract
The results of the study revealed that the cone length (11.54 cm), cone diameter (6.10 cm), number of fertile scales/cone (246.96), total number of scales/cone (282.28), number of seeds/cone (472.27) and weight of seeds/cone (71.50 g) were highest for the cones which were collected from upper crown. The seed length (15.45 mm), width (5.01 mm), thickness (3.50 mm), fresh (15.04 g) and dry weight of 100 seed (11.72 g) were also found maximum of those seeds which were extracted from the cones collected from upper crown. The maximum germination (64.00 %) was obtained from the seeds extracted from the cones collected from upper crown under laboratory condition and was significantly higher than the germination of seeds from middle crown and lower crown. The results of germination in nursery revealed almost the same trend but the values of different parameters were less than the values obtained under controlled conditions.Keywords
Crown position, Cone length, Seed length, Seed width, Seed germination- In vitro Micro Propagation of Papaya Var. Red Lady
Authors
1 College of Agriculture, Navsari Agricultural University, Bharuch Gujarat, IN
Source
International Journal of Plant Protection, Vol 6, No 2 (2013), Pagination: 449-456Abstract
Papaya is propagated through seed. It is a cross-pollinated crop, the plant raised from seeds have a mixed inheritance which make them highly variable in performance. Clonal propagation is an urgent necessity for improvement of papaya. Although, desirable characteristics of papaya var. Red Lady, growers are not able to adopt this variety due to very high cost of seed. The technique of in vitro culture has been made clonal propagation a possibility in papaya. While standardizing the method of micropropagation of papaya, the factors influencing in vitro establishment and growth of papaya were examined namely, sources of explants, surface sterilants, pH of the medium, sucrose and adenine sulphate concentration in the medium. In multiplication study, the maximum shoot multiplication was observed in alternate sub culturing in basal medium and MS medium + 0.5 mg/l BAP + 0.1 mg/l NAA and gave highest number of shoots per explants. Sucrose 30 g/l in medium was found to be more favourable for maximum number of shoot and length of longest shoots. Out of various pH level tested, pH 5.7 recorded maximum numbers of shoots (3) and maximum length of longest shoots (2.75 cm). In proliferation medium, maximum length of shoot, numbers of shoots and growth rate was observed in MS medium fortified with 160 mg/l adenine sulphate. In vitroischolar_maining occurred on shoot regeneration medium; however, it was a slow process. Rooting treatment consisting of half MS medium supplemented with 1.0 mg/l IBA was found to be the best for early induction of ischolar_mains (28 days), maximum number of ischolar_mains/shoot (5.00) and length of ischolar_main (6.00 cm) also. Among all potting mixtures tested, the soil: sand: FYM (1/1/1: V/V/V) was found to be suitable for hardening in vitro raised papaya plantlets.Keywords
Explants, in vitro, Shoot Tip Sterilization, Papaya Rooting- Sensory Evaluation of Mangoes (mangifera Indica L.) Grown in Saurashtra Region of Gujarat
Authors
1 Department of Horticulture, College of Agriculture, Junagadh Agricultural University, Junagadh Gujarat, IN
2 Department of Horticulture, College of Agriculture, Junagadh Agricultural University,Junagadh Gujarat, IN
Source
The Asian Journal of Horticulture, Vol 8, No 2 (2013), Pagination: 426-429Abstract
Four mango cultivars which are commonly found in Saurashtra region were selected for the study. To prepare mango pulp, the fruits were peeled and juice (must) was immediately after crushing and stored it up to 240 days. Under this investigation sensory evaluation was recorded. The cultivar Kesar has recorded for maximum taste and colour score, whereas the cultivar Alphanso was recorded for maximum flavour, texture and overall acceptance score.Keywords
Mango Pulp, Storage Temperature, Sensory Characters- "Lung Abscess" A Rare Sequelae of Pulmonary Infarction
Authors
1 Upgraded Department of Medicine, S.M.S. Medical College and Hospital, Jaipur, IN
Source
The Indian Practitioner, Vol 29, No 10 (1976), Pagination: 635-640Abstract
No AbstractKeywords
No Keyword- Effect of Crown Position on Cone, Seed and Germination Characteristics in Blue Pine (Pinus wallichiana, A.B. Jacks)
Authors
1 Department of Forestry, College of Forestry and Hill Agriculture, Ranichauri – 249 199, Tehri Garhwal (Uttarakhand), IN
Source
Indian Forester, Vol 141, No 6 (2015), Pagination: 615-620Abstract
Effect of crown position study revealed that the cone length (22.14 cm), cone diameter (2.88 cm), number of fertile scales/cone (130.02), total number of scales/cone (141.58), number of seeds/cone (254.04) and weight of seeds/cone (13.04 g) were highest for the cones which were collected from middle crown. The seed length (11.80 mm), width (5.02 mm), thickness (2.99 mm), fresh (5.35 g) and dry weight of 100 seed (4.07 g) were also found maximum of seeds from middle crown. Seed germination was also maximum (68.25 %) from middle crown cones under laboratory condition and was significantly higher than the germination of seeds of lower crown. The germination value differed significantly only with the germination value of seed of lower crown but germination value and speed of germination differed significantly with lowerand upper crown. The maximum germination, germination value, germination index and speed of germination under nursery condition were obtained from the seeds of middle crown but the value of these parameters was less than the values obtained under controlled conditions. The collar diameter and shoot length obtained from the seed collected from middle crown showed a significant difference with the collar diameter and shoot length of lower crown position. However, the seedling dry weight from middle crown differed significantly from upper as well as lower crown position.Keywords
Crown Position, Cone Length, Seed Length, Seed Width, Seed Germination, Seedling Length and Dry Weight.- Seed Quality Assessment through Incubation, Drying and Separation in Silver Fir (Abies Pindrow Spach)
Authors
1 Department of Genetics and Plant Breeding, College of Agriculture, G.B. Pant University of Agriculture & Technology, Pantnagar - 263145, U.S. Nagar (Uttarakhand), IN
2 Department of Forestry, College of Forestry and Hill Agriculture, Ranichauri – 249 199, Tehri Garhwal (Uttarakhand), IN
Source
Indian Forester, Vol 141, No 8 (2015), Pagination: 881-884Abstract
The seeds were incubated in different specific gravity solutions for 24 hours at room temperature (maximum 10.61°C and minimum 7.35 °C). Thereafter, the sunken and floater seeds were taken out separately from the solutions and were spread on filter paper thinly for drying for o hour (no drying), 2 hour, and 4 hour and tested for seed germination. The results of the study revealed that the sunken seeds separated by IDS method resulted in higher germination as compared to floater seeds. The sunken seeds which were dried for 0 hour (no drying) resulted in 96.61% germination and the subsequent drying led to decrease in germination. Therefore, the sunken seeds in 1.0 specific gravity solution (distilled water) without drying should be used to get the higher germination of seeds.Keywords
Seed Quality, Incubation, Drying, Separation, Specific Gravity Solution, Germination.- Role of Le Fort I Osteotomy in Orthosurgical Management of Maxillary Deformities in North Indian Population
Authors
1 Department of Dental surgery, BPS Govt. Medical College and Hospital for women, Khanpur kalan, Sonepat, Haryana, IN
2 Post Graduate Institute of Dental Sciences, Rohtak, Haryana, IN
3 BPS Govt. Medical College and Hospital for women, Khanpur kalan, Sonepat, Haryana, IN
Source
International Journal of Medical and Dental Sciences, Vol 3, No 2 (2014), Pagination: 471-483Abstract
Background: Le Fort I osteotomy is one of the most commonly performed procedure, either alone or in conjunction with other orthognathic procedures for maxillary deformities.
Objective: The present prospective study pertains to definite diagnosis, orthosurgical planning with cephalometric predictions of dento-osseus deformities of maxilla and their correction by LeFort I osteotomy.
Material and Methods: Fourteen patients with skeletal deformity along with malocclusion which was too severe to be corrected orthodontically alone were selected. Parameters were selected on the basis of clinical findings, cephalometrically hard and soft tissue landmarks [COGS (Burstone and Legan) and Steiners analysis]. Parameters were observed and compared preoperatively prediction values, postoperatively and on follow-up.
Results: There were obvious improvement in various linear and angular readings of hard and soft tissues.In linear measurements,NANS ⊥ HP decreased from 57.62 ± 3.3 to 52.4 ± 2.9; ANS-Gn ⊥ HP decreased from 75.8 ± 8.1 to 69.3 ± 6.1; NA || HP reduced by approximately 5mm; N-Pg || HP decreased from -12.07 ± 9.6 to -3.78 ± 8.8 and PNS-N ⊥ HP decreased from 55.28 ± 5.08 to 58.07 ± 4.4. On analysis of angular hard tissue measurements, N-A-Pg angle decreased from 5.14 ± 5.75 to 4.17 ± 2.73 (superior repositioning of maxilla) and increased from 3.0 ± 1.4 to 4.5 ± 0.7 (inferior repositioning of maxilla);MP-HP angle, Ar-Go-Gn angle decreased following superior repositioning and increased following inferior repositioning of maxilla and SNA angle decreased from mean 80.8 to 79.5.
Conclusion: LeFort I osteotomy is really a workhouse of orthognathic surgery in which maxilla can be mobilized in vertical and saggital planes to correct various dento-osseous deformities.
Keywords
Lefort I Osteotomy, Orthosurgical Planning, Cephalometric Analysis, the Dento-Osseous Deformity.References
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- Seed Quality Assessment through Incubation, Drying and Separation (IDS) in Silver Fir (Abies pindrow Spach)
Authors
1 Department of Genetics and Plant Breeding, College of Agriculture, G.B. Pant University of Agriculture and Technology, Pantnagar–263145, U.S. Nagar (Uttarakhand), IN
2 Department of Forestry, College of Forestry and Hill Agriculture, Ranichauri–249 199, Tehri Garhwal (Uttarakhand), IN
Source
Indian Forester, Vol 141, No 12 (2015), Pagination: 1248-1251Abstract
The seeds were incubated in different specific gravity solutions for 24 hours at room temperature (maximum 10.61°C and minimum 7.35°C). Thereafter, the sunken and floater seeds were taken out separately from the solutions and were spread on filter paper thinly for drying for o hour (no drying), 2 hour, and 4 hour and tested for seed germination. The results of the study revealed that the sunken seeds separated by IDS method resulted in higher germination as compared to floater seeds. The sunken seeds which were dried for 0 hour (no drying) resulted in 96.61% germination and the subsequent drying led to decrease in germination. The germination of seeds in control (without soaking and drying) was only 27.00 per cent. Therefore, the sunken seeds in 1.0 specific gravity solution without drying should be used to get the higher germination of seeds.Keywords
Seed Quality, Incubation, Drying, Separation, Specific Gravity Solution, Germination.- Analysis of Image Using Discrete Cosine Transformation
Authors
1 Sagar Institute of Research and Technology, Bhopal, IN
2 Rajiv Gandhi Proudyogiki Vishwavidyalaya, IN
3 Sagar Institute of Research and Technology-Excellence, Bhopal, IN
Source
Digital Image Processing, Vol 4, No 2 (2012), Pagination: 75-79Abstract
Digital image processing remains a challenging domain of programming. There are several transforms that do image transformation. Image denoising aims at attenuating the noise while retaining the image content. Data (image) compression is the reduction or elimination of redundancy in data representation in order to achieve reduction in storage and communication cost. Many algorithms and VLSI architectures for the fast computation of DCT have been proposed. A discrete cosine transform (DCT) expresses a sequence of finitely many data points in terms of a sum of cosine functions oscillating at different frequencies. DCTs are important to numerous applications in science and engineering. I can perform discrete cosine transformation by different algorithms, in this paper we use pixels processing. In this paper we have implement method for image transformation, and analysis using discrete cosine transformation technique and develop results using matlab coding.In future the matlab code can be converted to VHDL code and implement on FPGA kit in order to develop ASIC (application specific IC) for image transformation and analysis. This will give a generalization to image processing.
Keywords
ASIC, Image Transformation, Discrete Cosine Transformation, VHDL.- Effect of Pinching on Growth of Carnation Varieties Grown under Protected Condition
Authors
1 Department of Horticulture, College of Agriculture, Junagadh Agricultural University, Junagadh (Gujarat), IN
Source
The Asian Journal of Horticulture, Vol 11, No 1 (2016), Pagination: 119-123Abstract
An experiment was conducted to study the effect of pinching methods on carnation under protected condition. The results of present investigation revealed that variety Rendez-vous (V4) recorded significantly the highest plant height (28.99cm, 39.81 cm and 35.33 cm) at all the stages. Similarly, maximum number of leaves per plant (214.07), number of internodes per stem (17.20) was observed in variety Rendez-vous (V4). While, variety Gaudina (V1) recorded significantly the highest internodal length (12.26cm).Variety Liberty (V2) recorded significantly the maximum number of auxiliary branches per plant (5.35). Significantly the highest stem length (103.37 cm), were observed in variety Farida (V3).Keywords
Pinching, Internode, Stalk Length.References
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- Dalal, S.R., Nandre, D.R., Bharad, S.G., Utgikar, S. and Shinde, R.D. (2006). Effect of pinching on carnation cv. Yellow Solar under polyhouse condition. Internat. J. Agric. Sci.,2(2): 356-357.
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- Ryagi, V.Y., Mantur, S.M. and Reddy, B.S. (2007). Effect of pinching on growth, yield and quality of flower of carnation varieties grown under polyhouse.Karnataka J. Agric. Sci., 20 (4) : 816-818.
- Seharawat, S.K., Dahiya, D.S., Singh, S., Rana, G.S. and Singh, S. (2003). Effect of nitrogen and pinching on the growth, flowering and yield of marigold (Tagetes erecta L.) cv. AFRICAN GAINT DOUBLE ORANGE. Haryana J. Hort. Sci., 32(1-2): 59-61.
- Shahakar, A.W., Golliwar, V.J., Bhuyar, A.R., Dharmik, Y.B., Kadu, R.B. and Gondane, S.U. (2004). Growth, flowering quality and yield of Carnation cultivars under polyhouse condition, J. Soils & Crops, 14(2): 305-307.
- Singh, K.P. and Sangama (2003). Evaluation of post-harvest quality of some cultivars of carnation flowers grown in greenhouse. J. Orna. Hort., 6(3): 274-276.
- Singh, K.P. and Singh, M.C. (2005). Cultivating carnation under greenhouse. Indian Hort., 26-27.
- Talukdar, M.C., Mahanta, S. and Sarma, B. (2006). Evaluation of standard chrysanthemum (Dendrathemagrandiflora T.) cultivars under polyhouse cum rain-shelter and open field conditions. J. Orna. Hort., 9(2): 110-113.
- To Study the Effect of Pinching on Yield and Quality of Carnation Varieties Grown under Protected Condition
Authors
1 Department of Horticulture, College of Agriculture, Junagadh Agricultural University, Junagadh (Gujarat), IN
Source
The Asian Journal of Horticulture, Vol 11, No 1 (2016), Pagination: 168-171Abstract
An experiment was conducted to study the effect of pinching methods on carnation under protected condition. The results of present investigation revealed that the variety Liberty (V2) recorded significantly the highest number of flowers per plant (6.23), number of flowers per square meter (205.70) and flower yield per hectare (2077778 Numbers). As per quality point of view the variety Farida (V3) recorded significantly the highest vase life (12.33 days) and longevity of flowers (16.98 days). The treatment P3 (Double pinch) resulted in significantly the highest number of flowers per plant (6.75), number of flowers per square meter (222.75) and flower yield per hectare (2250000 Numbers). The treatment P1 (Single pinch) recorded significantly the highest vase life (11.94 days) and longevity of flowers (15.61 days).Keywords
Pinching, Yield, Vase Life, Carnation.References
- Chandrashekar, S.Y. and Gopinath,G. (2001). Influence of chemical on the post-harvest quality of carnation cut-flower. Karnataka J. Agric. Sci., 14(3): 731-735.
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- Dalal, S.R., Nandre, D.R., Bharad, S.G., Utgikar, S. and Shinde, R.D. (2006). Effect of pinching on carnation cv. YELLOW SOLAR under polyhouse condition. Internat. J. Agric. Sci.,2(2): 356-357.
- Dwivedi, S.K. and Kareem, A. (2004). Introduction and evaluation of carnation (Dianthus caryophyllus L.) varieties under cold arid region of India. J. Orna. Hort., 7(2): 207-209.
- Kazaz, S., Tekinta,F.E. and Askin, M.A. (2011). Effects of planting density and system on growth and flowering of spray carnations. J. Cell & Plant Sci., 2(2) : 1-6.
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- Pathania, N.S., Sehgal, O.P. and Gupta, Y.C. (2000). Pinching for flower regulation in Simcarnation. J. Orna. Hort., 3(2): 114-118.
- Reddy, B.S., Patil, R.T., Jholgiker, P. and Kulkarni, B.S. (2004). Studies on vegetative growth, flower yield and quality of standard carnation (Dianthus caryophyllus L.) under low cost polyhouse condition. J. Orna. Hort.,7(3-4): 217-220.
- Ryagi, V.Y., Mantur, S.M. and Reddy, B.S. (2007). Effect of pinching on growth, yield and quality of flower of carnation varieties grown under polyhouse.Karnataka J. Agric. Sci., 20 (4): 816-818.
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- Shahakar, A.W., Golliwar, V.J., Bhuyar, A.R., Dharmik, Y.B., Kadu, R.B. and Gondane, S.U. (2004). Growth, flowering quality and yield of Carnation cultivars under polyhouse condition, J. Soils & Crops, 14(2): 305-307.
- Singh, K.P. and Sangama (2003). Evaluation of post-harvest quality of some cultivars of carnation flowers grown in greenhouse. J. Orna. Hort., 6(3): 274-276.
- Verma, V.K., Sharma,Y.D., Gupta, Y.C. and Misra, R.L. [ed.]: Sanyat Misra (2002). Effect of planting dates and pinching methods on carnation under protected conditions. Floriculture Res. Trend in India Proceeding of the National Symposium on Indian Floriculture in the new millennium Lal Bagh, Banglore, 25-27, Feb. 2002: pp. 159-163.
- Distribution of Persistent Organic Pollutants in Farm Fish, Sediments and Water from Punjab (India)
Authors
1 School of Public Health and Zoonoses, Guru Angad Dev Veterinary and Animal Sciences University, Ludhiana-141 004, Punjab, IN
2 Department of Aquatic Environment, College of Fisheries, Guru Angad Dev Veterinary and Animal Sciences University, Ludhiana-141 004, Punjab, IN
Source
Toxicology International (Formerly Indian Journal of Toxicology), Vol 22, No 2 (2015), Pagination: 70-74Abstract
Persistent organic pollutants (POPs) are toxic chemicals that are adversely affecting animal and human health and the environment around the world. They persist for long periods of time in the environment and can accumulate and pass from one species to the next through the food chain. The present study aimed for determination of POPs residues in farm fish and its environment. Total 195 farm fish, 39 sediments and 39 water samples were collected from Punjab and then analyzed by gas chromatography (GC) and confirmed by GC-mass spectrometry. Residues of lindane, p,p'-DDE, p,p'-DDD, endosulfan sulfate, polychlorinated biphenyls (PCB)-28, PCB-138, and PCB-180 were detected with mean levels of 22.6, 15.3, 22.7, 23.7, 26.9, 27.3, and 25.7 ng/g in farm fish samples, respectively. In the fishpond sediment samples presence of lindane and p,p'-DDE residues were noticed with mean levels of 17.7 and 9.4 ng/g, respectively. Residues of p,p'-DDE and endosulfan sulfate were detected with a mean level of 14.9 and 64.4 ng/g in fish pond water samples. The comparison of overall mean residues of POPs observed in fish samples throughout Punjab revealed that the levels were below the maximum residue limits (MRLs) described by EU-MRLs, Italian-MRLs, FDA-2001, and FAO-1983. The presence of POPs residues in the aquatic environment requires continuous monitoring for the safeguard of human health.Keywords
Farm Fish, Maximum Residue Limits, Persistent Organic Pollutants, Sediments, Water.References
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- Source of Support: Financial grant under a research project UGC No. 42-635/2013 (SR) S. No. 5 dated 20-02-2014 by University Grant Commission, New Delhi, India.
- Profitability and Resource Efficiency in Hybrid Rice Seed Cultivation under Contract Farming
Authors
1 Department of Agricultural Economics, College of Agriculture, G. B. Pant University of Agriculture and Technology, Pantnagar (Uttarakhand), IN
Source
International Research Journal of Agricultural Economics and Statistics, Vol 8, No 2 (2017), Pagination: 401-408Abstract
The increasing demand for rice can be met only through firm increase in production and productivity. The inbred varieties’ yield is stagnating; and among limited options hybrid technology is the only proven technology available for increasing rice production. The agro-climatic conditions of Telangana are conducive for hybrid rice seed production. The private companies have shown interest in hybrid rice seed production through contract farming. Present study was taken upto examine profitability and resource use efficiency in hybrid rice seed production. Primary data pertaining to 2013-14 was collected from 90 farmers of Karimnagar district.The net returns (Rs.65962 per ha) over cost C3 indicates that hybrid rice seed production is a profitable venture. Operational cost occupied about 60 per cent of total cost. Inputs seed, manures and fertilizers, plant protection chemicals and growth regulator were used sub-optimally, while the machine power was used excessively. The farmers need training on hybridization skills and resource use. The package of practices of crop operations based on mechanical techniques need to be evolved to reduce dependence on human labour and to reduce cost of seed production.Keywords
Hybrid Rice Seed Production, Contract Farming, Profitability, Resource Use Efficiency.References
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- Comparative Study of Wheat Varieties under Open Farming and Poplar-Based Agroforestry System in Uttarakhand, India
Authors
1 Department of Agronomy, Ranchi Agriculture College, Birsa Agricultural University, Ranchi 834 006, IN
2 Department of GPB, G.B. Pant University of Agriculture and Technology, Pantnagar 263 145, IN
3 Department of SAF, Faculty of Forestry, Birsa Agricultural University, Ranchi 834 006, IN
4 Institute of Forest Productivity, Ranchi 835 303, IN
Source
Current Science, Vol 117, No 6 (2019), Pagination: 1054-1059Abstract
A field experiment on wheat varieties was carried out at Agroforestry Research Centre, G.B. Pant University of Agriculture and Technology, Pantnagar. The experimental plots were laid out in randomized block design with two associate farming systems, open farming and poplar-based agroforestry system, and four varieties of wheat, viz. PBW-373, PBW-343, UP-262 and VL-907, with three replications. The average tree growth parameters, viz. plant height, diameter and crown width of poplar showed an increase at the rate of 8.43%, 12.36% and 17.91% respectively. Growth and yield attributes of wheat like germination count, leaf area index, plant height, dry matter accumulation, as well as yield of wheat were found higher in open farming compared to poplar-based agroforestry system. The yield characters of wheat, such as biological yield (112.01 q ha–1), grain yield (42.19 q ha–1), straw yield (69.93 q ha–1) and harvest index (39.82) were recorded maximum in VL-907 followed by PBW- 343, except for straw yield. Among soil chemical properties, electrical conductivity, organic carbon, and available NPK were higher, whereas pH was lower under poplar-based agroforestry system compared to open farming system. Above-ground, below-ground and total biomass, carbon stock and carbon sequestration were significantly higher in agroforestry system (130.42, 17.75, 148.17, 65.20 and 239.27 q ha–1 respectively) compared to open farming.Keywords
Agroforestry, Biomass, Carbon Sequestration, Intercropping, Wheat Varieties.References
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- Garrity, D. P., Agroforestry and the achievement of the millenium development goals. Agrofor. Syst., 2004, 61, 5–17.
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- Chauhan, S. K., Brar, M. S. and Sharma, R., Performance of poplar (Populus deltoids bartr.) and its effect on wheat yield under agroforestry system in irrigated agro-ecosystem, India. Caspian J. Environ. Sci., 2012, 10(1), 53–60.
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- Chauhan, S. K., Sharma, R., Sharma, S. C., Gupta, N. and Ritu, Evaluation of poplar (Populus deltoids Bartr. ex Marsh.) boundary plantation based agri-silvicultural system for wheat–paddy yield and carbon storage. Int. J. Agric. For., 2012, 2(5), 239–246.
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- Chauhan, S. K., Nanda, R. K. and Brar, M. S., Adoption of poplar based agroforestry as an approach for diversified agriculture in Punjab. Indian For., 2009 135(5), 671–677.
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- Changing Equations of India
Authors
1 IIMT University, Meerut, Uttar Pradesh, IN
2 Jaipuria Institute of Management Studies, Ghaziabad, Uttar Pradesh, IN
3 Dewan V. S. Group of Institutions, Ghaziabad, Uttar Pradesh, IN
Source
International Journal of Applied Marketing and Management, Vol 4, No 1 (2019), Pagination: 21-24Abstract
There can be no second thoughts pertaining to the importance of international trade for any given country of the world. Thus, India as a developing country can be no exception to this universal truth. It is not possible to bring out the facts regarding first time when India engaged in trade with some nation, but it traded with different nations in the times when some of the countries were still groping in darkness to find means of livelihood for their folks. India traded with almost every nation and dealt in the products of rare quality and rarest origin. In modern times, India also has trade relations with many nations and deals in a number of commodities. This paper is an attempt to focus on different items of trade that India exports and imports and the nations with which it undertakes that trade.Keywords
India, Trade, Composition etc.References
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- Reserve Bank of India, Report on Currency and Finance, Various issues.
- Reserve Bank of India, Handbook of Statistic on the Indian Economy, 2009–10, (Mumbai, 2010). Handbook of Statistics on the Indian Economy, 2016–17 (Mumbai, 2017), Table 134, p. 211.
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- INSAT-3DR-Rapid Scan Operations for Weather Monitoring Over India
Authors
1 National Meteorological Satellite Centre, India Meteorological Department, New Delhi 110 003, IN
2 National Meteorological Satellite Centre, India Meteorological Department, New Delhi 110 003ii
3 National Centre for Medium Range Weather Forecasting, Noida 201 309, IN
4 Master Control Facility, Indian Space Research Organisation, Hassan 573 201, IN
5 Space Applications Centre, Indian Space Research Organisation, Ahmedabad 380 015, IN
Source
Current Science, Vol 120, No 6 (2021), Pagination: 1026-1034Abstract
In order to observe severe weather conditions during cyclones, thunderstorms, etc., IMAGER instruments on-board INSAT3D/3DR have been built with a flexible scanning feature known as ‘rapid scan mode’. Using this feature, the number of scan lines over a given coverage region and the number of repetitions of the selected region can be programmed for scanning. Therefore, to understand the physical processes involved in convective clouds associated with severe weather phenomena, rapid scan of INSAT3DR mode is attempted. It has very high temporal resolution of approximately 4 min and 30 sec. The present study will help in better understanding of the physical processes of severe weather phenomena and in nowcasting. It will also help to improve the accuracy in the NWP model forecast through assimilation of radiances and atmospheric motion wind determined using rapid scan mode.Keywords
Nowcasting, Physical Processes, Rapid Scan Operations, Severe Weather Conditions, Weather Monitoring.References
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